A blockchain is a decentralised network of computers, that keeps a record of transactions in a fully open and transparent way. The best known example to date is the Bitcoin, which enables a monetary economy without the intervention of banks. Potentially, blockchain could be a source of trust, well-being, welfare and security for citizens, society and companies. Dutch academia, industry and government are working together on the development of the basic building blocks necessary to enable reliable and legitimate transactions, without interference of a legal body.